{"id":3295,"date":"2026-04-06T11:58:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T08:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/?p=3295"},"modified":"2026-04-06T11:58:46","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T08:58:46","slug":"01nzor126","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/01nzor126.html","title":{"rendered":"Assessment of the value of direct and indirect ecosystem services using the example of the Kurgalsky State Nature Reserve (Eastern Gulf of Finland, Leningrad Region)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Klyaus Konstantin Mikhailovich<\/strong><br \/>\nSaint-Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia<br \/>\nE-mail: klyaus@spbrc.nw.ru<br \/>\nORCID: <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-5101\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-5101<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Krylova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna<\/strong><br \/>\nSaint-Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia<br \/>\nE-mail: uvs.office@mail.ru<br \/>\nORCID: <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3026-4395\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3026-4395<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Pozharskaya Olesya Dmitrievna<\/strong><br \/>\nSaint-Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia<br \/>\nORCID: <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4022-9146\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4022-9146<\/a><br \/>\nRSCI: <a href=\"https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=1143289\">https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=1143289<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> This article presents a calculation of the total economic value of ecosystem services in the Kurgalsky State Nature Reserve. The total economic value is the sum of the direct and indirect components of ecosystem services. In this paper, direct ecosystem services, determined by recreational activities and tourism within the reserve, are calculated based on the cost of organized paid excursions, according to various tour operators, as well as independent visits, accommodation, and recreation for visitors. The economic effects for three tourism scenarios are determined depending on various factors, and new directions for the popularization and development of ecotourism in the reserve have been proposed. The annual carbon sequestration by the reserve&#8217;s woody vegetation is considered as an indirect ecosystem service. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the forest is estimated based on annual carbon sequestration data. The quantitative assessment of indirect services is determined using the current price of carbon unit. The total economic value ranges from 52 to 195 million rubles, depending on visitation, season, and the popularity of the reserve\u2019s territory.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> nature reserve; concept of total economic value; direct ecosystem services; indirect ecosystem services; tourism; recreational activities; annual carbon sequestration; carbon unit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Klyaus Konstantin Mikhailovich Saint-Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia E-mail: klyaus@spbrc.nw.ru ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-5101 Krylova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Saint-Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia E-mail: uvs.office@mail.ru ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3026-4395 Pozharskaya Olesya Dmitrievna Saint-Petersburg &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-issue-1-2026","category-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3295","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3295"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3295\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3296,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3295\/revisions\/3296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}