{"id":3337,"date":"2026-04-16T14:00:42","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T11:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/?p=3337"},"modified":"2026-04-17T10:37:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T07:37:19","slug":"16inor126","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/16inor126.html","title":{"rendered":"Technologies for harvesting energy from the environment for iot: solar, geothermal, vibrational, RF, and light \u2014 environmental effects and limitations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Usacheva Maria Mikhailovna<\/strong><br \/>\nPovolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Samara, Russia<br \/>\nE-mail: mm.usacheva@gmail.com<br \/>\nORCID: <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0558-8837\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0558-8837<\/a><br \/>\nRSCI: <a href=\"https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=747973\">https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=747973<\/a><br \/>\nWoS: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/author\/rid\/OLR-7446-2025\">https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/author\/rid\/OLR-7446-2025<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Gerasimov Vyacheslav Vasillevich<\/strong><br \/>\nPovolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Samara, Russia<br \/>\nE-mail: Slavon131@bk.ru<br \/>\nORCID: <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7791-7981\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7791-7981<\/a><br \/>\nRSCI: <a href=\"https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=1150644\">https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=1150644<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices exacerbates the problem of energy supply and disposal of billions of batteries, which are a source of environmentally hazardous waste. According to the UN Global E-waste Monitor 2024, the global volume of electronic waste reached 62 million tons in 2022, with only 22,3 % recycled. Energy harvesting technologies from the environment offer a promising alternative to traditional battery power sources for IoT devices. This review systematizes modern energy harvesting methods: photovoltaic (solar and light, including perovskite elements with efficiency up to 42 % under indoor lighting), thermoelectric (with examples of geothermal powering of sensor networks in subarctic regions), vibrational (piezoelectric and triboelectric, up to 300 W\/m\u00b2), and radio frequency (RF, with rectenna efficiency of 36\u201370 %). For each method, the power density generated, climatic and geographical limitations, as well as environmental effects \u2014 from reducing battery waste to potential risks in the production and disposal of the harvesting devices themselves \u2014 were analyzed. Based on life cycle assessment analysis, it is shown that transitioning to energy-autonomous IoT systems can significantly reduce the contribution to the global electronic waste flow. Hybrid multi-source systems with intelligent energy management are considered the most promising path to sustainable development of IoT infrastructure. The review covers 40 sources from 2018\u20132025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> energy harvesting from the environment; Internet of Things; photovoltaic converters; thermoelectric generators; piezoelectric effect; triboelectric nanogenerators; RF energy harvesting; electronic waste; life cycle assessment; sustainable development<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Usacheva Maria Mikhailovna Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Samara, Russia E-mail: mm.usacheva@gmail.com ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0558-8837 RSCI: https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=747973 WoS: https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/author\/rid\/OLR-7446-2025 Gerasimov Vyacheslav Vasillevich Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Samara, Russia E-mail: Slavon131@bk.ru ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7791-7981 RSCI: https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/author_profile.asp?id=1150644 Abstract. The &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-issue-1-2026","category-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3337"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3337\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3350,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3337\/revisions\/3350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.today\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}