2025, Vol. 12, No. 3. - go to content...

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DOI: 10.15862/04EEOR325 (https://doi.org/10.15862/04EEOR325)

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Tikhonova I.O., Sanzharovskiy A.Yu., Mikhrabov A.I., Petrov A.S. Recycling of used catalysts according to the Best Available Techniques. Russian journal of resources, conservation and recycling. 2025; 12(3). Available at: https://resources.today/PDF/04EEOR325.pdf (in Russian). DOI: 10.15862/04EEOR325

Recycling of used catalysts according to the Best Available Techniques

Tikhonova Irina Olegovna
Research Institute «Environmental Industrial Policy Center», Moscow, Russia
Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: iritimay@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7156-1660
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=51933
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=55346990200

Sanzharovskiy Alexander Yuryevich
Research Institute «Environmental Industrial Policy Center», Moscow, Russia
E-mail: a.sanzharovskiy@eipc.center
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0245-2003
RSCI: https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=604230
SCOPUS: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=57211296613

Mikhrabov Aleksandr Ilyich
Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0122-7098

Petrov Andrey Sergeevich
Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6523-9762

Abstract. In the last decade, one of the main uses of platinum group metals has been catalysts — both as car exhaust gas converters and for synthesis in the chemical and petrochemical industries. Spent catalysts are a rich anthropogenic source of these chemical elements. The paper presents an overview of current pyro- and hydrometallurgical methods for platinum group metal recovery, as well as innovative solutions for recycling used automotive catalysts. The ease of handling of spent catalysts and their relatively simple chemical composition (compared to others such as electronic waste) point to the possibility of applying bioscience to extract platinum group metals directly from waste. New directions in bio-hydrometallurgy, based on possibilities of utilization of potential of cyanogenic micro-organisms for extraction of precious metals are considered. The role of external factors is emphasized in justifying the choice of a technology that allows to obtain the maximum amount of biomass producing the required metabolite. Bio-leaching has a lower environmental impact than other methods, both in terms of emissions and discharges and the degree of waste disposal. It is concluded that resource- and environmentally sound practices in the treatment of wastes containing economically recoverable secondary resources should be prioritized according to Best Available Techniques.

Keywords: Best Available Techniques; platinum metals; recycling; pyrometallurgy; hydrometallurgy; bioleaching; cyanogenic micro-organisms

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