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DOI: 10.15862/06FAOR125 (https://doi.org/10.15862/06FAOR125)

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Tretyakova E.A. Economic efficiency of the patent system: legal mechanisms and innovative incentives. Russian journal of resources, conservation and recycling. 2025; 12(s1). Available at: https://resources.today/PDF/06FAOR125.pdf (in Russian). DOI: 10.15862/06FAOR125

Economic efficiency of the patent system: legal mechanisms and innovative incentives

Tretyakova Evelina Andreevna
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: Tretikovaeva@mail.ru

Abstract. Modern economic conditions are characterized by the strengthening of the role of intellectual property as a key factor in the competitiveness of national economies and business structures, requiring a rethinking of the mechanisms of legal protection of innovations and an assessment of the economic efficiency of patent systems. This study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the economic efficiency of the patent system through the prism of legal mechanisms for stimulating innovation in modern conditions of technological development. The theoretical foundations of patent law as an economic institution that performs the functions of protecting the rights of inventors and ensuring a fair distribution of economic benefits from the implementation of innovative solutions are considered. The article analyzes the evolution of conceptual approaches to understanding the role of patents in the innovation economy from classical theories of stimulating inventive activity to modern integrative concepts that take into account network effects, open innovation and international aspects of technological development. Particular attention is paid to the study of Russian practice of patent regulation in the context of achieving technological sovereignty and import substitution, including the analysis of regulatory documents for 2024–2025 and the activities of specialized government agencies. The study demonstrates that an effective patent system requires a balanced approach between protecting the interests of copyright holders and ensuring the availability of technological solutions for a wide range of economic entities, as well as the integration of legal mechanisms with the system of tax incentives for innovation. The results obtained indicate the need for a comprehensive reform of the patent system of the Russian Federation, taking into account the best world practices and the specifics of the national innovation system.

Keywords: patent system; economic efficiency; legal mechanisms; innovation incentives; intellectual property; technological sovereignty; import substitution; digitalization; international patent law

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