2025, Vol. 12, No. s3. - go to content...

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DOI: 10.15862/07FAOR325 (https://doi.org/10.15862/07FAOR325)

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Pavlikov O.A. Self-employment and social entrepreneurship as factors in overcoming poverty in the regions of the Russian Federation. Russian journal of resources, conservation and recycling. 2025; 12(s3). Available at: https://resources.today/PDF/07FAOR325.pdf (in Russian). DOI: 10.15862/07FAOR325

Self-employment and social entrepreneurship as factors in overcoming poverty in the regions of the Russian Federation

Pavlikov Oleg Andreevich
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: OlegPavli1@yandex.com

Abstract. The deepening digital transformation of the economy and the expansion of precarious employment are shaping a new research agenda for poverty alleviation mechanisms. This paper analyzes two complementary institutions that have experienced accelerated development in the Russian Federation in recent years: self-employment and social entrepreneurship, examined through the prism of their impact on poverty reduction in the regions. The study systematizes data on the scale of the professional income tax, which will reach 15,27 million taxpayers by the end of 2025, and analyzes the dynamics of the register of social entrepreneurs, which includes over 12 000 entities. Using comparative analysis, patterns are identified demonstrating the positive impact of expanding self-employment on income legalization and the reduction of the informal sector, as well as the contribution of social entrepreneurship to increasing the accessibility of social services for vulnerable groups. It was found that regions with higher growth rates of the self-employed demonstrate more pronounced poverty reduction dynamics. A typology of regions based on the potential for using non-standard forms of entrepreneurship as a poverty reduction tool is substantiated, allowing for the differentiation of state support priorities depending on the characteristics of the regional economic environment. It is shown that the total income of the self-employed during the period of the professional income tax regime has exceeded 5,2 trillion rubles, and the largest increase in SMEs (up to 18 %) is recorded in regions with the highest poverty rates, indicating the beginning of the entrepreneurial «catch-up» process in depressed areas. It is also determined that social entrepreneurship is concentrated primarily in the fields of education, healthcare, and culture, expanding the availability of basic social services for low-income populations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of a conceptual link between the development of non-standard forms of entrepreneurial activity and poverty alleviation processes, taking into account regional specifics. The practical significance of this work lies in the development of recommendations for integrating self-employment and social entrepreneurship support tools into regional poverty reduction strategies.

Keywords: self-employment; professional income tax; social entrepreneurship; poverty; regional differentiation; precarious employment; shadow economy; digital platform; Unified Register of SMEs; subsistence minimum

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